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THAILAND - Ensure the provision of Fair Justice & Effective Remedy to Land Rights Defenders
Manushya Foundation and the Thai Business & Human Rights Network call on Thai authorities to remedy the harm caused to the 14 villagers of Sab Wai village by dropping all charges against them, and by restoring their lost rights related to land, livelihood, food, housing and due process.
8 July 2019, Chaiyaphum – On 2 and 3 July 2019, Manushya Foundation monitored the proceedings of the Chaiyaphum Provincial Court in the last five appeal judgments against the 14 villagers from Sab Wai village. In the appeal judgments, the Court sentenced Mr. Put Sukbongkot to 6 months and 20 days in prison and a fine of 370,000 THB; Mr. Sompitr Taennok to 20 months and 20 days in prison and a fine of 200,000 THB; Ms. Narisara Muangklang to 9 months and 10 days in prison and an increased fine from THB 130,000 to 607,161 THB; Ms. Suwalee Phongam to 5 months and 10 days in prison and a fine of 160,000 THB; and Mr. Suwit Rattanachaisi to 17 months in prison and an increased fine from THB 40,000 to THB 110,762. The Court also ordered their eviction from land that they have been living and farming on for generations, long before the government classified it as a national park.
The 14 villagers, 9 women and 5 men, are unfairly casted as criminals as they were charged by authorities of the Sai Thong National Park who used the 2014 Forest Reclamation Policy passed by the military junta’s National Council for Peace and Order (NCPO) against them, including the Forest Mastery Plan, NCPO Order 64/2014, and NCPO Order 66/2014. This forest conservation policy was meant to stop capitalist investors from damaging the forest, but it is hurting poor communities instead. As an illustration, in the appeal judgments given by the Chaiyaphum Provincial Court, the 14 villagers were charged with disproportionately heavy criminal sentences with the maximum being 4 years and hefty fines with the highest being more than 1.5 million THB as payment for damage of destroying the forest under the Forest Act 1941, the National Reserved Forests Act 1964, and the National Park Act 1961. This has led to 13 villagers being currently in jail and 1 villager being monitored. All 14 villagers are losing their freedom, their livelihood, housing and food security, causing serious damages to their lives and that of their families, with elders and children left behind with no financial means. “It is me alone now, who has to take care of all the young children of my sisters and my father who has a chronic illness.” says Surinthong Muangklang, whose mother (Mrs Thongpan Monggang), and three sisters (Nittaya Muangklang, Suphaphorn Seesuk, Narisara Muangklang) are all in jail. “I do not know what justice means anymore, when it is just us poor people who are being put in jail” she adds sorrowfully.
Justifying the forest reclamation policy on the basis of increasing forest cover as a means to mitigate climate change; the government targets local farming communities instead of large-scale businesses and investors. Apirak Nantaseree, Researcher at iLaw highlights “The Sai Thong National Park case provides the clearest picture of the impact of NCPO Order 64/2014 and NCPO Order 66/2014. These are used to send people to jail, claiming that it is the policy of the government”. He adds “We want the impact of the laws on the villagers to be as widely known, as other political matters. It is important that the general public understands the content of the NCPO Orders, as the land rights of several others in Thailand will also be affected by it.”
Adding to the dangerous adverse impacts of the application of the forest reclamation policy on rural communities all over Thailand, Professor Chainarong Setthachua, a Lecturer at Mahasarakham University stresses “In Thailand, forest management in the past consisted of delegating land to the private sector through land concession agreements, but when the Thai government adopted the idea of forest conservation it was only used to separate people from nature. These kinds of conservation policies will never be successful. It is time that Thai society questions, what they receive from such forest conservation policies that only leads to poor people being arrested and imprisoned.”
With the appeal process before the Chaiyaphum Provincial Court now completed, the case will be submitted before the Supreme Court for consideration. “The villagers are being sentenced using NCPO Orders 64/2014 and 66/2014 against them. However, these NCPO orders do not refer to and comply with the Cabinet Resolution of 30 June 1998[1], allowing communities occupying land prior to its declaration as a reserved area to continue to inhabit the area in accordance with the National Reserved Forest Act. Our petitions to the Supreme Court will challenge this contradiction” stresses Mr. Somnuek Tumsupap, the lawyer representing the villagers in their appeal petition before the Supreme Court. “My hope remains that the Supreme Court will interpret the NCPO Orders in a way that benefits the villagers, in line with the Cabinet Resolution of 30 June 1998.”
The 14 villagers and their families have had to fight through a judicial process, despite several attempts to resolve the case by working with Provincial government authorities to find a constructive solution. Tai Oranuch, Board member of Isaan Land Reform Network (ILRN), points out “We have made constant efforts to work with provincial authorities to reach a solution, even by providing a Sustainable Land and Natural Resources Management Plan. As a result of these negotiations, the Deputy Governor of the Chaiyaphum Province, who also serves as the Chairman of the Working Group to solve the Sai Thong National Park case only stated that he would provide a letter on the negotiations to the relevant authorities, but so far we have not seen any concrete action in this respect, not even basic support for the affected family members.”
It is important to remember that rural and forest communities are always at the centre of the protection of forests. They do not harm the environment but live in peaceful harmony with Mother Nature. Emilie Pradichit, Founder & Director of Manushya Foundation explains “Forest conservation policies must be developed with the meaningful inclusion and participation of concerned communities, not to criminalise them in favour of business incentives. We will fight false climate solutions and continue to stand with the Sab Wai villagers and their families in their courageous fight for justice, by monitoring the appeal process before the Supreme Court.” She concludes “This is an emblematic case for all of us as this is the first time in history that affected communities are challenging the misuse and adverse impacts of the forest reclamation policy and NCPO orders 64/2014 and 66/2014 against poor villagers. If the 14 Sab Wai human rights defenders win at the Supreme Court, their judicial battle could serve and protect a considerable number of communities all over Thailand, also facing criminal and civil charges due to badly drafted forest conservation policies.”
Human rights organisations and academics working together in support of the 14 Sab Wai villagers will continue to find effective and actionable solutions to ensure that the fundamental rights of the affected communities, including their right to life, livelihood, housing, food and due process are fully restored and redressed. With numerous lives being harmed irreversibly as a result of the misuse of the forest reclamation policy in Sab Wai village and all over Thailand, they reaffirm their call to the Thai government and National Park Authorities to protect the fundamental rights of the 14 villagers by:
Immediately dropping all criminal and civil charges against the 14 villagers for the legitimate use of their land.
Stopping, without further delay, the abuse of forest conservation laws and policies, NCPO orders, to evict local communities and individuals from land they have been living on for generations.
Abolishing NCPO Orders 64/2014 and 66/2014 that disproportionately impact marginalised and impoverished local communities denying them of their right to land, their right to work and to sustainable livelihoods, instead of targeting investors and large-scale businesses.
Providing a fair remedy to those who have been affected by the unjust use of the concerned laws, policies, NCPO orders, and protecting their fundamental rights accordingly.
Guaranteeing the effective implementation of the Sustainable Land and Natural Resources Management Plan, inclusive of community participation, which had been approved by the Provincial Working Group (created to resolve land issues taking place in the Sai Thong National Park) on 19 March 2018.
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[1] The Cabinet issued a resolution of 30 June 1998, which was proposed as a solution to land problems in areas designates as national reserved forest area, by surveying the land and data available with respect to it. This resolution of 30 June 1998 allows those who have been occupying land prior to its declaration as a reserved area to continue to inhabit the area in accordance with the National Reserved Forest Act, and also allows subsequent inhabitants the right to occupy such land pursuant to the Community Sufficient Economy Project. Explaining further on NCPO order 66/2014, the lawyer clarified that nowhere in the NCPO Order is the Cabinet resolution of 30 June 1998 discussed. However, the Court of First Instance and the Appeal Court both discussed this Cabinet resolution as the basis for the distribution of land, and the application of NCPO Orders 64/2014 and 66/2014.
All you need to know on the Sai Thong National Park Case, from charges, convictions, trial monitoring to national & international advocacy efforts, is available on our dedicated webpage:
For Media Inquiries, please contact:
In English, Emilie Pradichit, Founder & Director, Manushya Foundation,
+66 (0) 92-901-5345, emilie@manushyafoundation.org
In Thai, Suphamat Phonphra, Programme Officer, Manushya Foundation,
+66 (0) 83-578-9879, suphamat@manushyafoundation.org
About Manushya Foundation (MF) Manushya Foundation is an Asia regional organisation aiming at empowering local communities to put them at the heart of decision making processes that concern them, to advance human rights, social justice and peace. Manushya Foundation serves as a bridge to engage, mobilise, and empower agents of change by: connecting humans through inclusive coalition building and; by developing strategies focused at placing local communities’ voices in the centre of human rights advocacy and domestic implementation of international human rights obligations and standards. Manushya Foundation strengthens the solidarity and capacity of communities and grassroots to ensure they can constructively raise their own concerns and provide solutions in order to improve their livelihoods and the human rights situation on the ground.
About the Thai BHR Network (TBHRN)
The Thai Business and Human Rights Network (TBHRN) is an informal, inclusive and intersectional coalition of human rights defenders, community leaders, researchers, academics, and non-governmental organisations from the local, national and regional spheres, who are joining hands to ensure local communities are central to the business and human rights response in Thailand. Together with Manushya Foundation, the Network engages in advocacy, dialogue, and monitoring of business and human rights commitments made by the Royal Thai Government, in particular in engaging in the development and monitoring of the National Action Plan on Business and Human Rights. More information on the TBHRN and its role can be accessed at:
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